140 Subleq CPU with FRAM and UART

140 : Subleq CPU with FRAM and UART

How it works

Subleq refers to a kind of OISC where the one instruction is “SUBtract and branch if Less-than or EQual to zero”, conventionally abbreviated to subleq.

Subleq is a simple one instruction language. Each Subleq instruction has 3 memory address operands. Since Subleq has only one instruction, the opcode itself is conventionally omitted, so each instruction is three addresses long.

You can easily output data in the C Code. Look in the examples how it’s done. In Subleq it’s implemented like this: If B is -1 (negative unity), then the number contained in the address given by A is interpreted as a character and written to the machine’s output. C is unused.

The Baud is 115200, when a 10MHz clock is used.

There is a C Compiler for Subleq. It only supports a typeless simplified subset of C, but most simple things can be done with it. It is written in C++ and doesn’t depend on libraries or external tools. The original website for it is offline, but infos about the compiler still exist on the Esolang Wiki (->Higher Subleq) with a Download Link at the web archive on the bottom of the page. But i will also include the compiler code in the repo.

How to test

Use an Arduino compatible Microcontroller with at least 16KB Memory. Convert the output from the compiler with the given converter to an array, import it to the given Arduino Sketch, flash it and run it. The cpu is designed for 10MHz, but it needs to be tested how fast or slow it can go. The SPI clock is half the input clock. Keep in mind that when changing the clock speed the uart baud will also change. I will make a kinda userfriendly toolchain and publish it on my github. It will include a Subleq to hex converter (for Quartus etc.), a Subleq to C string converter, an Arduino sketch for flashing to FRAM and example C/Subleq codes.

External hardware

SPI FRAM

As RAM an 8KB FRAM is used with a 20MHZ SPI interface (MB85RS64V). The advantage of SPI RAM in comparison to SPI Flash is the access time. Every byte can be accessed directly without having bank switching, which leads to different access when randomly accessing data. But in comparison to usual RAM, FRAM is non-volatile. So it has the advantages of Flash and RAM memory (but costs much more).

IO

# Input Output Bidirectional
0 in_miso out_mosi data_0
1 out_sck data_1
2 out_cs data_2
3 tx data_3
4 tx_credits data_4
5 data_5
6 data_6
7 data_7

Chip location

Controller Mux Mux Mux Mux Mux Mux Mux Mux Mux Mux Mux Analog Mux Mux Mux Mux Mux Mux Mux Mux Mux Mux Mux Analog Mux Mux Mux Mux Mux Mux Mux Mux Mux Mux tt_um_chip_rom (Chip ROM) tt_um_factory_test (TinyTapeout 7 Factory Test) tt_um_analog_factory_test (TT07 Analog Factory Test) tt_um_urish_charge_pump (Dickson Charge Pump) tt_um_adennen_inverter (Aron's analog buffer test) tt_um_rejunity_z80 (Zilog Z80) tt_um_kianv_bare_metal (KianV RISC-V RV32E Baremetal SoC) tt_um_macros77_subneg (SUBNEG CPU) tt_um_eater_8bit (Tiny Eater 8 Bit) tt_um_ender_clock (clock) tt_um_wokwi_397140982440144897 (7-Seg 'Tiny Tapeout' Display) tt_um_wokwi_397142450561071105 (Padlock) tt_um_Burrows_Katie (QIF Neuron) tt_um_vga_clock (VGA clock) tt_um_aidenfoxivey (CRC-8 CCITT) tt_um_PUF (Reversible logic based Ring-Oscillator Physically Unclonable Function (RO-PUF)) tt_um_devinatkin_dual_oscillator (dual oscillator) tt_um_urish_simon (Simon Says memory game) tt_um_ajstein_stopwatch (Stopwatch Project) tt_um_rnunes2311_12bit_sar_adc (12 bit SAR ADC) tt_um_DanielZhu123 (calculator) tt_um_wokwi_397268065185737729 (Mini Light Up Game) tt_um_toivoh_basilisc_2816 (Basilisc-2816) tt_um_MichaelBell_rle_vga (RLE Video Player) tt_um_wokwi_397774697322214401 (secret L) tt_um_ccattuto_charmatrix (Serial Character LED Matrix) tt_um_The_Chairman_send_receive (Send Receive) tt_um_mini_aie_2x2 (mini-aie-cgra) tt_um_twin_tee_opamp_osc (Twin Tee Sine Wave Generator) tt_um_brucemack_sb_mixer (Single Balanced Mixer) tt_um_revenantx86_tinytpu (TinyTPU) tt_um_chess (Chess) tt_um_vga_perlin (VGA Perlin Noise) tt_um_calonso88_74181 (ALU 74181) tt_um_tinytapeout_dvd_screensaver (DVD Screensaver with Tiny Tapeout Logo (Tiny VGA)) tt_um_TD4_Assy_KosugiSubaru (4bit_CPU_td4) tt_um_drburke3_top (FastMagnitudeComparator) tt_um_pongsagon_tiniest_gpu (Tiniest GPU) tt_um_jorga20j_prng (8 bit PRNG) tt_um_ejfogleman_smsdac8 (8-bit DEM R2R DAC) tt_um_ccattuto_conway (Conway's Terminal) tt_um_fp_mac (FP-8 MAC Module) tt_um_router (router) tt_um_serdes (SerDes) tt_um_rejunity_analog_dac_ay8913 (AY-8193 single channel DAC) tt_um_riscv_spi_wrapper (RISCV32I with spi wrapper) tt_um_mos_bandgap (MOS Bandgap) tt_um_shadow1229_vga_player (VGA player) tt_um_explorer (Explorer) tt_um_rtmc_top_jrpetrus (Real Time Motor Controller) tt_um_28add11_QOAdecode (QOA Decoder) tt_um_toivoh_basilisc_2816_cpu_OL2 (Basilisc-2816) tt_um_afasolino (integer to posit converter and adder ) tt_um_8bit_vector_compute_in_SRAM (8-bit Vector Compute-in-SRAM) tt_um_lfsr (LFSR) tt_um_tnt_diff_rx (TT07 Differential Receiver test) tt_um_urish_spell (SPELL) tt_um_underserved (underserved) tt_um_dpetrisko_ttdll (TTDLL) tt_um_mitssdd (co processor for precision farming) tt_um_wokwi_399192124046955521 (ECC_test1) tt_um_dusterthefirst_project (Communicate 433) tt_um_xeniarose_sha256 (tiny sha256) tt_um_njp_micro (MicroCode Multiplier) tt_um_VishalBingi_r2r_4b (4-bit R2R DAC) tt_um_lisa (LISA Microcontroller with TTLC) tt_um_template (TT7 Simple Clock) tt_um_seanyen0_SIMON (SIMON) tt_um_agurrier_mastermind (Mastermind) tt_um_KolosKoblasz_mixer (Gilbert Mixer) tt_um_Saitama225_comp (Analog comparator) tt_um_tt7_meonwara (TBD) tt_um_multiplier_mbm (Modified Booth Multiplier) tt_um_delay_line_tmng (Delay Line Time Multiplexed NAND Gate) tt_um_mandelbrot_accel (Mandelbrot Set Accelerator (32-bit IEEE 754)) tt_um_dvxf_dj8v_dac (DJ8 8-bit CPU w/ DAC) tt_um_obriensp_pll (PLL Playground) tt_um_unisnano (unisnano) tt_um_alfiero88_CurrentTrigger (Current Mode Trigger) tt_um_CktA_InstAmp (Instrumentation Amplifier for Electrocardiogram Signal Adquisition) tt_um_lcasimon_tdc (Analog TDC) tt_um_neural_network (Neural Network dinamic) tt_um_PS_PWM (Phase Shifted PWM Modulator) tt_um_litneet64_ro_puf (RO-based Physically Unclonable Function (PUF)) tt_um_wokwi_399163158804194305 (Digital Timer) tt_um_algofoogle_raybox_zero (raybox-zero TT07 edition) tt_um_wokwi_399336892246401025 (UART) tt_um_wokwi_399169514887574529 (Gaussian Blur) tt_um_maheredia (GPS signal generator) tt_um_pwm_elded (UACJ_PWM) tt_um_wokwi_399447152724198401 (8-Bit Register) tt_um_adonairc_dda (DDA solver for van der Pol oscillator) tt_um_6bitaddr (6 bit addr) tt_um_btflv_subleq (Subleq CPU with FRAM and UART) tt_um_emern_top (badGPU) tt_um_wokwi_399469995038350337 (dEFAULt 2hAC) tt_um_mixed_signal_pulse_gen (mixed_signal_pulse_gen) tt_um_maxluppe_digital_analog (All Digital DAC and Analog Comparators) tt_um_pyamnihc_dummy_counter (Dummy Counter) tt_um_wokwi_399488550855755777 (My 9-year-old son made an 8-bit counter chip) tt_um_toivoh_basilisc_2816_cpu_exp (Basilisc-2816 Experimental) tt_um_htfab_fprn (Field Programmable Resistor Network) tt_um_rejunity_ay8913 (Classic 8-bit era Programmable Sound Generator AY-3-8913) tt_um_maxluppe_NIST (Four NIST SP 800-22 tests implementation) tt_um_vga_snake (VGA Snake Game) tt_um_cm_1 (GDS counter-measures experiment 1) tt_um_nurirfansyah_alits02 (Analog Test Circuit ITS 2) tt_um_analog_rf_readout_circuit (RF_peripheral_circuits) tt_um_jleightcap (fractran-tt) tt_um_wokwi_399518371950068737 (Full-adder out of a kmap) tt_um_davidparent_hdl (PRBS Generator) tt_um_adia_psu_seq_test (Adiabatic PSU sequencer test) tt_um_spacecat_chan_john_pong_the_second (John Pong The Second) tt_um_rajum_iterativeMAC (Iterative MAC) tt_um_asinghani_tinywspr (TinyWSPR) tt_um_thatoddmailbox (DuckCPU) tt_um_rejunity_vga (VGA Checkers) tt_um_8bitadder (Ripple Carry Adder 8 bit) tt_um_vzayakov_top (Pong-VGA) tt_um_pa1mantri_cdc_fifo (Clock Domain Crossing FIFO) Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available 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